What is Macro Pulse?

Macro Pulse highlights recent activity and events expected to affect the U.S. economy over the next 24 months. While the review is of the entire U.S. economy its particular focus is on developments affecting the Forest Products industry. Everyone with a stake in any level of the sector can benefit from
Macro Pulse's timely yet in-depth coverage.


Monday, May 4, 2020

April 2020 Currency Exchange Rates

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In April the monthly average value of the U.S. dollar (USD) appreciated versus Canada’s “loonie” (+0.6%), euro (+1.6%) and yen (+0.1%). On the broad trade-weighted index basis (goods and services), the USD gained 1.9% against a basket of 26 currencies. 
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The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

March 2020 Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and New & Unfilled Orders

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the value of manufactured-goods shipments in March decreased $26.2 billion or 5.2% to $473.6 billion. Durable goods shipments decreased $11.8 billion or 4.7% to $240.4 billion, led by transportation equipment. Meanwhile, nondurable goods shipments decreased $14.4 billion or 5.8% to $233.2 billion, led by petroleum and coal products. Shipments of wood products fell by 0.4%; paper +1.2%. 
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Inventories decreased $5.8 billion or 0.8% to $693.5 billion. The inventories-to-shipments ratio was 1.46, up from 1.40 in February. Inventories of durable goods increased $2.8 billion or 0.6% to $437.4 billion, led by transportation equipment. Nondurable goods inventories decreased $8.6 billion or 3.2% to $256.1 billion, led by petroleum and coal products. Inventories of wood products was unchanged; paper: -0.3%. 
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New orders decreased $51.0 billion or 10.3% to $445.8 billion. Excluding transportation, new orders fell by 3.7% (-3.1% YoY). Durable goods orders decreased $36.6 billion or 14.7% to $212.6 billion, led by transportation equipment. New orders for non-defense capital goods excluding aircraft -- a proxy for business investment spending -- decreased by 0.1% (-0.1% YoY). New orders for nondurable goods decreased $14.4 billion or 5.8% to $233.2 billion.
As can be seen in the graph above, real (inflation-adjusted) new orders were essentially flat between early 2012 and mid-2014, recouping on average less than 70% of the losses incurred since the beginning of the Great Recession. The recovery in real new orders is back to just 21% of the ground given up in the Great Recession. 
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Unfilled durable-goods orders decreased $23.6 billion or 2.0% to $1,134.9 billion, led by transportation equipment. The unfilled orders-to-shipments ratio was 6.57, down from 6.62 in February. Real unfilled orders, which had been a good litmus test for sector growth, show a less positive picture; in real terms, unfilled orders in June 2014 were back to 97% of their December 2008 peak. Real unfilled orders then jumped to 102% of the prior peak in July 2014, thanks to the largest-ever batch of aircraft orders. Since then, however, real unfilled orders have been trending sideways-to-down.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Friday, May 1, 2020

March 2020 Construction Spending

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Construction spending during March 2020 was estimated at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of $1,360.5 billion, 0.9% (±0.8%) above the revised February estimate of $1,348.4 billion (originally $1,366.7 billion); consensus expectations were for -3.5%. The March figure is 4.7% (±1.3%) above the March 2019 estimate of $1,299.1 billion; the not-seasonally adjusted YoY change (shown in the table below) was +5.5%.
During the first three months of this year, construction spending amounted to $297.0 billion, 6.7% (±1.2%) above the $278.5 billion for the same period in 2019.
* 90% confidence interval includes zero. The U.S. Census Bureau does not have sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the actual change is different from zero. 
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Private Construction
Spending on private construction was at a SAAR of $1,012.5 billion, 0.7% (±0.7%)* above the revised February estimate of $1,005.8 billion (originally $1,025.8 billion):
- Residential: $550.3 billion, +2.3% (±1.3%);
- Nonresidential: $462.3 billion, -1.3% (±0.7%).
Public Construction
Public construction spending amounted to $348.0 billion, 1.6% (±1.3%) above the revised February estimate of $342.6 billion (originally $345.9 billion):
- Educational: $80.9 billion, -0.3% (±1.5%)*;
- Highway: $108.3 billion, +4.6% (±4.8%)*. 
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Click here for a discussion of March’s new residential permits, starts and completions. Click here for a discussion of new and existing home sales, inventories and prices.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

1Q2020 Gross Domestic Product: First (“Advance”) Estimate

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The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) pegged its advance (first) estimate of 1Q2020 U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) at a seasonally adjusted and annualized rate (SAAR) of -4.79% (-3.8% expected), down 6.91 percentage points (PP) from 4Q2019’s +2.12%.
On a year-over-year (YoY) basis, which should eliminate any residual seasonality distortions present in quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) comparisons, GDP in 1Q2020 was 0.32% higher than in 1Q2019; that growth rate was dramatically slower (-2.01PP) than 4Q2019’s +2.33% relative to 4Q2018.
Two groupings of GDP components -- personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and private domestic investment (PDI) were the drivers behind the contraction, whereas net exports (NetX) and government consumption expenditures (GCE) made minor positive contributions.
As for details (note that all dollar amounts are nominal) --
PCI:
·     Goods. Contributions to the headline from durable goods were negative across the board (-1.21%; -1.41PP QoQ), thanks mainly to a $53 billion drop in motor vehicles and parts. Nondurable goods added to the headline (+0.94%; +1.02PP QoQ) as a result of a $68.3 billion surge in grocery shopping and $38.1 billion in other nondurable goods purchases.
·     Services. Spending on services was a major detraction (-4.99%; -6.11PP QoQ) -- especially health care (-$109.9 billion), and food services and accommodations (-$81.5 billion).
PDI:
·     Fixed investment. Contributions from nonresidential fixed investment fell (-1.17%; -0.84PP QoQ) as structures (-$13.0 billion) and transportation equipment (-$24.3 billion) declined. By contrast, the contribution from residential investment accelerated (+0.74%; +0.50PP QoQ), consistent with a $44.3 billion increase.
·     Inventories. The contribution from inventories was less negative (-0.53%; +0.45PP QoQ) despite a $32.2 billion contraction in non-farm inventories.
NetX: Because the value of imports fell (-$125.0 billion) more than exports (-$75.0 billion), net exports added to the headline (+1.30%; -0.21PP QoQ).
GCE: Increased expenditures (+$36.8 billion) at all levels of government accounted for a modest addition to the headline (+0.13%; -0.31PP QoQ).
Annualized growth in the BLS’s real final sales of domestic product, which excludes the value of inventories) was -4.26% (-7.36PP QoQ). 
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Commentary from Consumer Metric Institute’s Rick Davis:
-- This is only the beginning, and this number is very likely to be revised lower in the next two reports and again in July. We have previously criticized the BEA for being late in recognizing dramatic turns in the economy, and we would be remiss if we didn't recognize that they are much more timely this time around.
-- Timing is everything. Depending on just how bad the second quarter is, the third quarter is likely to show quarter-over-quarter growth -- even as year-over-year data remains abysmal. That quarter-over-quarter growth will be conveniently announced just prior to the November Presidential Election. The political cynics among us might suggest that the BEA's new-found timeliness in fully reporting this contraction stems from an interest in advancing the inevitable bad news precisely in order to set the stage for a 3Q2020 quarter-over-quarter turnaround.
-- Moving forward, the contraction in consumer services spending, the security of paychecks and the rise in the household savings rate will not be evenly experienced among all demographics -- just like the pandemic itself. Individual household economics will continue to divide those advocating for maximized public health and those seeking a rapid return to economic normality.
“The latter point may be the most important,” Davis concluded. “We may be observing yet another divide opening in an already divided society.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

March 2020 Residential Sales, Inventory and Prices

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Sales of new single-family houses in March 2020 were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 627,000 units (632,000 expected). This is 15.4 percent (±14.8 percent) below the revised February rate of 741,000 (originally 765,000) and 9.5 percent (±14.6 percent)* below the March 2019 SAAR of 693,000 units; the not-seasonally adjusted (NSA) year-over-year comparison (shown in the table above) was -10.3%. For longer-term perspectives, NSA sales were 54.9% below the “housing bubble” peak but 16.7% above the long-term, pre-2000 average.
The median sales price of new houses sold in March fell ($8,700 or -2.6% MoM) to $321,400; meanwhile, the average sales price decreased to $375,300 ($11,900 or -3.1%). Starter homes (defined here as those priced below $200,000) comprised 11.5% of the total sold, down from the year-earlier 11.8%; prior to the Great Recession starter homes represented as much as 61% of total new-home sales. Homes priced below $150,000 made up 1.6% of those sold in March, down from 2.9% a year earlier.
* 90% confidence interval includes zero. The Census Bureau does not have sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the actual change is different from zero. 
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As mentioned in our post about housing permits, starts and completions in March, single-unit completions decreased by 152,000 units (-15.0%). Although sales also fell (114,000 units; -15.4%), inventory for sale expanded in both absolute (+9,000 units) and months-of-inventory (+1.2 months) terms. 
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Existing home sales retreated in March (490,000 units or -8.5%), to a SAAR of 5.27 million units (5.4 million expected). Inventory of existing homes for sale expanded in both absolute (+40,000 units) and months-of-inventory (+0.6 month) terms. Because new-home sales fell by a larger proportion, the share of total sales comprised of new homes retreated to 10.6%. The median price of previously owned homes sold in March increased to $280,600 ($10,200 or +3.8% MoM). 
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Housing affordability improved (+6.7 percentage points) as the median price of existing homes for sale in January fell by $8,400 (-3.0; +6.9 YoY), to $268,600. Concurrently, Standard & Poor’s reported that the U.S. National Index in the S&P Case-Shiller CoreLogic Home Price indices rose at a not-seasonally adjusted monthly change of +0.4% (+4.2% YoY).
"The stable growth pattern established in the last half of 2019 continued into February,” said Craig Lazzara, Managing Director and Global Head of Index Investment Strategy at S&P Dow Jones Indices. “The National Composite Index rose by 4.2% in February 2020, and the 10- and 20-City Composites also advanced (by 2.9% and 3.5%, respectively). Results for the month were broad-based, with gains in every city in our 20-City Composite; 17 of the 20 cities saw accelerating prices. The National, 10-City, and 20-City Composites all rose at a faster rate in February than they had in January.
“At a regional level, Phoenix retains the top spot for the ninth consecutive month, with a gain of 7.5% for February. Home prices in Seattle rose by 6.0%, with Tampa and Charlotte prices both gaining 5.2%. Prices were particularly strong in the West and Southeast, and comparatively weak in the Midwest and Northeast.
“Importantly, today’s report covers real estate transactions closed during the month of February, and shows no signs of any adverse effect from the governmental suppression of economic activity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As much of the U.S. economy was shuttered in March, next month’s data may begin to reflect the impact of these policies on the housing market.”
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

March 2020 Residential Permits, Starts and Completions

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Builders started construction of privately-owned housing units in March at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 1,216,000 units (1.320 million expected). This is 22.3% (±12.2%) below the revised February estimate of 1,564,000 (originally 1.599 million units), but 1.4% (±12.7%)* above the March 2019 SAAR of 1,199,000 units; the not-seasonally adjusted YoY change (shown in the table above) was +1.9%.
Single-family housing starts in March were at a SAAR of 856,000; this is 17.5% (±13.1%) below the revised February figure of 1,037,000 units (+2.9% YoY). Multi-family starts: 360,000 units (-31.7% MoM; -0.4% YoY).
* 90% confidence interval (CI) is not statistically different from zero. The Census Bureau does not publish CIs for the entire multi-unit category. 
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Total completions were at a SAAR of 1,227,000 units. This is 6.1% (±12.0%)* below the revised February estimate of 1,307,000 (originally 1.316 million units) and 9.0% (±12.4%)* below the March 2019 SAAR of 1,348,000 units; the NSA comparison: -8.6% YoY.
Single-family housing completions were at a SAAR of 863,000; this is 15.0% (±11.6%) below the revised February rate of 1,015,000 units (-9.6% YoY). Multi-family completions: 364,000 units (+24.7% MoM; -6.1% YoY). 
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Total permits amounted to a SAAR of 1,353,000 units (1.300 million expected). This is 6.8% (±1.1%) below the revised February rate of 1,452,000 (originally 1.464 million units), but 5.0% (±2.4%) above the March 2019 SAAR of 1,288,000 units; the NSA comparison: +9.7% YoY.
Single-family permits were at a SAAR of 884,000; this is 12.0% (±1.9%) below the revised February figure of 1,005,000 units (+13.5% YoY). Multi-family: 469,000 (+4.9% MoM; +2.7% YoY). 
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Reflecting the growing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, builder confidence in the market for newly-built single-family homes plunged 42 points in April to 30, according to the latest NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI). The decline in April was the largest single monthly change in the history of the index and marks the lowest builder confidence reading since June 2012. It is also the first time that builder confidence has been in negative territory (below 50) since June 2014.
“This unprecedented drop in builder confidence is due exclusively to the coronavirus outbreak across the nation, as unemployment has skyrocketed and gaps in the supply chain have hampered construction activities,” said NAHB Chairman Dean Mon. “Meanwhile, there continues to be some confusion over builder eligibility for the Paycheck Protection Program, as some builders have successfully submitted loan applications while others have not been able to. NAHB is working with the White House, Treasury and Congress to get the broadest builder participation possible. Home building remains an essential business throughout most of the nation, and as the pandemic shows signs of easing in the weeks ahead, buyers should return to the marketplace.”
“Before the pandemic hit, the housing market was showing signs of strength with January and February new home sales at their highest pace since the Great Recession,” said NAHB Chief Economist Robert Dietz. “To show how hard and fast this outbreak has hit the housing sector, a recent poll of our members reveals that 96% reported that virus mitigation efforts were hurting buyer traffic. While the virus is severely disrupting residential construction and the overall economy, the need and demand for housing remains acute. As social distancing and other mitigation efforts show signs of easing this health crisis, we expect that housing will play its traditional role of helping to lead the economy out of a recession later in 2020.”
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

March 2020 Industrial Production, Capacity Utilization and Capacity

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Total industrial production (IP) fell 5.4% in March (-4.2% expected), as the coronavirus pandemic led many factories to suspend operations late in the month. Manufacturing output fell 6.3%; most major industries posted decreases, with the largest decline registered by motor vehicles and parts. The decreases for total IP and for manufacturing were their largest since January 1946 and February 1946, respectively. The indexes for utilities and mining declined 3.9% and 2.0%, respectively. At 103.7% of its 2012 average, the level of total IP in March was 5.5% lower than a year earlier. 
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Industry Groups
Manufacturing output dropped 6.3% in March and at an annual rate of 7.1% in the first quarter (NAICS manufacturing: -6.3% MoM; -6.4% YoY). In March, the index for durable manufacturing fell 9.1%; the most sizable decline among its components was in motor vehicles and parts, where output fell 28.0%. Durable goods industries that recorded decreases of between 8% and 10% included fabricated metal products, aerospace and miscellaneous transportation equipment, furniture and related products, and miscellaneous manufacturing (wood products: -4.2%). The index for nondurables fell 3.2%, with substantial declines in many industries but smaller decreases of 2% or less in food, beverage, and tobacco products; paper products (-2.0%); and chemicals. The output of other manufacturing (publishing and logging) fell 5.4%.
The output of utilities declined 3.9% in March, with similarly sized decreases for both electric and natural gas utilities. Mining output fell 2.0%, with the largest decreases in crude oil extraction, natural gas liquids extraction, coal mining, and non-energy mining. 
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Capacity utilization (CU) for the industrial sector decreased 4.3 percentage points (PP) to 72.7% in March, a rate that is 7.1PP below its long-run (1972–2019) average.
Manufacturing CU in March was 70.3%, 4.7PP lower than in February and 7.9PP below its long-run average (NAICS manufacturing: -6.3%, at 70.8%). The operating rate for durable manufacturing dropped to 67.8%, about 9PP below its long-run average, held down by decreases in every major industry group (wood products: -4.4%). Capacity utilization for nondurables fell 2.5PP to 73.9%, about 6PP below its long-run average (paper products: -2.0%). Utilization rates for printing and support, for textile and product mills, and for apparel and leather all recorded drops of nearly 10PP or more. 
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Capacity at the all-industries level edged up 0.1% (+1.9 % YoY) to 142.5% of 2012 output. Manufacturing (NAICS basis) rose fractionally (+0.1% MoM; +1.3% YoY) to 140.6%. Wood products: +0.2% (+3.7% YoY) to 170.3%; paper products: 0.0% (-0.2 % YoY) to 109.6%.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.