What is Macro Pulse?

Macro Pulse highlights recent activity and events expected to affect the U.S. economy over the next 24 months. While the review is of the entire U.S. economy its particular focus is on developments affecting the Forest Products industry. Everyone with a stake in any level of the sector can benefit from
Macro Pulse's timely yet in-depth coverage.


Tuesday, October 31, 2017

September 2017 Residential Sales, Inventory and Prices

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Sales of new single-family houses in September 2017 were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 667,000 units (555,000 expected). This is 18.9% (±19.0%)* above the revised August rate of 561,000 (originally 560,000 units), and 17.0% (±22.4%)* above the September 2016 SAAR of 570,000 units; the not-seasonally adjusted year-over-year comparison (shown in the table above) was +18.2%. For a longer-term perspective, sales were 52.0% below the “housing bubble” peak and 0.5% below the long-term, pre-2000 average.
The median sales price of new houses sold was $319,700 (+$15,900 or 5.2% MoM). The average sales price was $385,200 (+$20,900 or 5.7%). Starter homes (defined here as those priced below $200,000) comprised 11.5% of the total sold, down from the year-earlier 15.9%; prior to the Great Recession starter homes represented as much as 61% of total new-home sales. Homes priced below $150,000 made up 1.9% of those sold in September, little changed from a year earlier (2.3%).
* 90% confidence interval includes zero. The Census Bureau does not have sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the actual change is different from zero. 
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As mentioned in our post about housing permits, starts and completions in September, single-unit completions rose by 34,000 units (+4.5%). The increase in completions was eclipsed by that of sales, however; hence, new-home inventory contracted in months-of-inventory terms (-1.0 month) while remaining unchanged in absolute terms. 
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Existing home sales rose by 40,000 units (+0.7%) in September, to a SAAR of 5.390 million units (5.300 million expected). Inventory of existing homes expanded in absolute terms (+30,000 units) but was unchanged in months-of-inventory terms. Because new-home sales increased more quickly than existing-home sales, the share of total sales comprised of new homes jumped to 11.0%. The median price of previously owned homes sold in September decreased by $8,000 (-3.2% MoM). 
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Housing affordability improved marginally as the median price of existing homes for sale in August fell by $4,800 (-1.8%; +5.6 YoY), to $255,500. Concurrently, Standard & Poor’s reported that the U.S. National Index in the S&P Case-Shiller CoreLogic Home Price indices posted a not-seasonally adjusted monthly change of +0.5% (+6.1% YoY) -- marking a new all-time high for the index.
“Home price increases appear to be unstoppable,” said David Blitzer, Managing Director and Chairman of the Index Committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices. “August saw the National Index annual rate tick up to 6.1%; all 20 cities followed in the report were up year-over-year while one, Atlanta, saw the seasonally adjusted monthly number slip 0.2%. Most prices across the rest of the economy are barely moving compared to housing. Over the last year the consumer price index rose 2.2%, driven largely by energy costs. Aside from oil, the only other major item with price gains close to housing was hospital services, which were up 4.6%. Wages climbed 3.6% in the year to August.
“The ongoing rise in home prices poses questions of why prices are climbing and whether they will continue to outpace most of the economy. Currently, low mortgage rates combined with an improving economy are supporting home prices. Low interest rates raise the value of both real and financial long-lived assets. The price gains are not simply a rebound from the financial crisis; nationally and in nine of the 20 cities in the report, home prices have reached new all-time highs. However, home prices will not rise forever. Measures of affordability are beginning to slide, indicating that the pool of buyers is shrinking. The Federal Reserve is pushing short term interest rates upward and mortgage rates are likely to follow over time, removing a key factor supporting rising home prices.” 
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The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Friday, October 27, 2017

3Q2017 Gross Domestic Product: First (“Advance”) Estimate

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In its advance (first) estimate of 3Q2017 gross domestic product (GDP), the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) pegged growth of the U.S. economy at a seasonally adjusted and annualized rate (SAAR) of +2.98% (2.5% expected), down 0.08 percentage point (PP) from 2Q2017’s +3.06%.
On a year-over-year (YoY) basis, which should eliminate any residual seasonality distortions present in quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) comparisons, GDP in 3Q2017 was +2.26% relative to 3Q2016; that was marginally higher (+0.05 PP) than 2Q2017’s +2.21% relative to 2Q2016.
Three of the four groupings of GDP components -- personal consumption expenditures (PCE), private domestic investment (PDI), and net exports (NetX) -- contributed to 3Q growth. Government consumption expenditures (GCE) barely contracted and thus detracted from growth. 
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The changes from 2Q reflect a general deceleration of consumer and commercial spending growth that was nearly offset by increased inventories and net exports. The contribution from consumer spending on goods dropped by 0.24 PP (to +0.92%), while spending on services shed 0.38 PP (to +0.70%). Part of the slowdown in growth of consumer spending may be attributed to real annualized household disposable income dropping by $19 to $39,280 (2009 dollars). The household savings rate also retreated by 0.4 PP, to +3.4%, the lowest level since 4Q2007.
Inventory growth was significant -- roughly a quarter of the headline total (+0.61 PP, to +0.73%). The contribution from fixed commercial investment was halved (-0.28 PP, to +0.25%). Net exports nearly doubled (+0.20 PP, to +0.41%) although exports decelerated (-0.14PP, to +0.28%) but declining imports (-$5.6 billion, nominal) made a positive contribution (+0.34 PP, to +0.12%). As mentioned above, government spending remained in a very minor contraction (+0.01 PP, to -0.02%).
The BEA's "bottom-line" real final sales of domestic product (which excludes inventories) decreased to +2.25%, down 0.69 PP from 2Q.
According to Consumer Metric Institute’s Rick Davis, “the minimal change in the quarter-to-quarter headline growth rate masks a material weakening of consumer and commercial spending growth.” His notable takeaways from this report include:
-- Consumer spending provided only 1.62% of the headline number, dropping 0.62 PP from 2Q.
-- Commercial fixed investment softened, shedding more than half of its 2Q growth.
-- Inventory growth is again distorting the headline.
-- Household disposable income took another hit. Less money was available, and less money was saved -- so that a significant portion of the already softening consumer spending came from savings, not paychecks.
“A headline number sustained by bloating inventories and diminished savings is simply not quite as healthy as it might seem at first blush,” Davis concluded.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Wednesday, October 18, 2017

September 2017 Residential Permits, Starts and Completions

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Builders started construction of privately-owned housing units in September at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 1,127,000 units (1.170 million expected). That is 4.7% (±8.1%)* below the revised August estimate of 1,183,000 (originally 1.180 million units), but 6.1% (±8.8%)* above the September 2016 SAAR of 1,062,000 units; the not-seasonally adjusted YoY change (shown in the table above) was +6.6%.
Single-family housing starts in September were at a rate of 829,000; this is 4.6% (±8.5%)* below the revised August figure of 869,000 and +7.3% YoY. Multi-family starts: 298,000 units (-5.1% MoM; +5.1% YoY).
* 90% confidence interval (CI) is not statistically different from zero. The Census Bureau does not publish CIs for the entire multi-unit category. 
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Total completions amounted to a SAAR of 1,109,000. This is 1.1% (±12.4%)* above the revised August estimate of 1,097,000 and 10.3% (±11.9%)* above the September 2016 SAAR of 1,005,000 units; the NSA comparison: +10.1% YoY.
Single-family housing completions in September were at a rate of 781,000; this is 4.6% (±11.4%)* above the revised August rate of 747,000 and +8.9% YoY. Multi-family completions: 328,000 units (-6.3% MoM; +12.8% YoY). 
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Total permits were at a SAAR of 1,215,000 units (1.230 million expected). This is 4.5% (±1.6%) below the revised August rate of 1,272,000 and is 4.3% (±1.7%) below the September 2016 SAAR of 1,270,000 units; the NSA comparison: -10% YoY.
Single-family authorizations in September were at a rate of 819,000; this is 2.4% (±1.7%) above the revised August figure of 800,000 but +4.6% YoY. Multi-family: 396,000 (-16.1% MoM; -29.2% YoY). 
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Builder confidence in the market for newly-built single-family homes rose four points to a level of 68 in October on the National Association of Home Builders/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI). This was the highest reading since May.
“This month’s report shows that home builders are rebounding from the initial shock of the hurricanes,” said NAHB Chairman Granger MacDonald. “However, builders need to be mindful of long-term repercussions from the storms, such as intensified material price increases and labor shortages.” 
“It is encouraging to see builder confidence return to the high 60s levels we saw in the spring and summer,” said NAHB Chief Economist Robert Dietz. “With a tight inventory of existing homes and promising growth in household formation, we can expect the new home market continue to strengthen at a modest rate in the months ahead.”
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Tuesday, October 17, 2017

September 2017 Industrial Production, Capacity Utilization and Capacity

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Total industrial production (IP) rose 0.3% in September (+0.1% expected). The rates of change for July and August were notably revised; the current estimate for July, a decrease of 0.1%, was 0.5 percentage point lower than previously reported, while the estimate for August, a decrease of 0.7%, was 0.2 percentage point higher than before. The estimates for manufacturing, mining, and utilities were each revised lower in July. The continued effects of Hurricane Harvey and, to a lesser degree, the effects of Hurricane Irma combined to hold down the growth in total production in September by 1/4 percentage point. The indexes for mining and utilities in September rose 0.4% and 1.5%, respectively. At 104.6% of its 2012 average, total IP in September was 1.6% above its year-earlier level.
For the third quarter as a whole, industrial production fell 1.5% at an annual rate; excluding the effects of the hurricanes, the index would have risen at least 1/2%. Manufacturing output edged up 0.1% in September but fell 2.2% at an annual rate in the third quarter. 
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Industry Groups
Manufacturing output edged up 0.1% in September. A gain of 1.0% for durables outweighed a decrease of 0.9% for nondurables, and the output of other manufacturing (publishing and logging) was unchanged. Among durables, the largest increases—about 3%—were recorded by nonmetallic mineral products; machinery; and electrical equipment, appliances, and components (wood products: +1.6%). Among nondurables goods industries, declines were widespread, with the largest drop coming in the output of chemicals (paper products: -0.9%). Only the indexes for food, beverage, and tobacco products and for plastics and rubber products advanced.
In September, the rise of 0.4% for mining reflected a gain in oil and gas extraction; all of its other major components recorded losses. Over the past 12 months, mining output has increased 9.8% from its trough in September 2016. 
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Capacity utilization (CU) for the industrial sector increased 0.2 percentage point (and 0.2%) in September to 76.0%, a rate that is 3.9 percentage points below its long-run (1972–2016) average.
Manufacturing CU was unchanged at 75.1% in September, a rate that is 3.3 percentage points below its long-run average. Utilization for durables increased 0.7 percentage point to 74.9%, while the operating rate for nondurables fell 0.7 percentage point to 76.3% (wood products: +1.6%; paper products: -0.9%). The operating rate for mining edged up 0.1 percentage point to 83.5%, and the rate for utilities rose 1.1 percentage points to 74.8%. 
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Capacity at the all-industries level nudged up 0.1% (+1.1% YoY) to 137.1% of 2012 output. Manufacturing (NAICS basis) inched up +0.1% (+0.8% YoY) to 137.5%. Wood products: +0.0% (+0.5% YoY) to 156.3%; paper products: 0.0% (-0.7% YoY) to 110.4%.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

August 2017 International Trade (Softwood Lumber)

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Softwood lumber exports increased (24 MMBF or +17.8%) in August, while imports slipped (16 MMBF or -1.4%). Exports were 23 MMBF (+17.1%) above year-earlier levels; imports were 213 MMBF (-15.5%) lower. As a result, the year-over-year (YoY) net export deficit was 237 MMBF (-19.1%) lower. Moreover, the average net export deficit for the 12 months ending August 2017 was 8.9% smaller than the average of the same months a year earlier (the “YoY MA(12) % Chng” series shown in the graph above). 
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Asia (especially China: 23.3%) and North America (of which Canada: 17.1%; Mexico: 21.6%) were the primary destinations for U.S. softwood lumber exports in August. Year-to-date (YTD) exports to China were +17.2% relative to the same months in 2016. Meanwhile, Canada was the source of most (90.8%) of softwood lumber imports into the United States. Interestingly, imports from Canada are 15.7% lower YTD than the same months in 2016. Overall, YTD exports were up 4.0% compared to 2016, while imports were down 12.7%. 
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U.S. softwood lumber export activity through Eastern customs region represented the largest proportion in August (38.6% of the U.S. total), followed by the West Coast (32.4%) and the Gulf (22.6%) regions. However, Seattle maintained a small lead (17.7% of the U.S. total) over Mobile (12.5%) as the single most-active district. At the same time, Great Lakes customs region handled 64.0% of softwood lumber imports -- most notably the Duluth, MN district (27.7%) -- coming into the United States. 
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Southern yellow pine comprised 30.0% of all softwood lumber exports in August, followed by treated lumber (15.1%) and Douglas-fir (13.9%). Southern pine exports were up 8.3% YTD relative to 2016, while treated: +31.6%; Doug-fir: +6.9%.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Friday, October 13, 2017

September 2017 Consumer and Producer Price Indices (incl. Forest Products)

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The seasonally adjusted consumer price index for all urban consumers (CPI-U) rose 0.5% in September (+0.6% expected). The gasoline index increased 13.1%, accounting for about three-fourths of the seasonally adjusted all-items increase. Other major energy component indexes were mixed, and the food index rose slightly.
The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1% in September. The shelter index continued to increase, and the indexes for motor vehicle insurance, recreation, education, and wireless telephone services also rose. These increases more than offset declines in the indexes for new vehicles, household furnishings and operations, medical care, and used cars and trucks.
The all items index rose 2.2% for the 12 months ending September; the 12-month change has been accelerating since June’s +1.6% YoY. The 12-month change in the index for all items less food and energy remained at 1.7% for the fifth month in a row. The energy index rose 10.1% over the past 12 months, its largest 12-month increase since the period ending March 2017. The food index increased 1.2% over the last year.
Hurricane Irma had a small impact on data collection in September. Data collection was affected in some areas in Florida.
The seasonally adjusted producer price index for final demand (PPI) advanced 0.4% in September (+0.4 expected). Prices for final demand services rose 0.4%, and the index for final demand goods climbed 0.7%. Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services increased 0.2% in September, the same as in August.
The final demand index increased 2.6% for the 12 months ended in September, the YoY largest rise since February 2012’s +2.8%. The index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services advanced 2.1% YoY.
Hurricanes Harvey and Irma had virtually no impact on data collection efforts or survey response rates, and no changes in estimation procedures were necessary.
Final Demand
Final demand services: The index for final demand services increased 0.4% in September, the largest rise since moving up 0.5% in April. Over 60% of the September advance can be traced to a 0.8% increase in margins for final demand trade services. (Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The index for final demand transportation and warehousing services jumped 1.0%. Prices for final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing edged up 0.1%.
Product detail: Nearly 30% of the increase in prices for final demand services can be attributed to margins for machinery, equipment, parts, and supplies wholesaling, which rose 1.3%. The indexes for apparel, footwear, and accessories retailing; health, beauty, and optical goods retailing; truck transportation of freight; deposit services (partial); and food and alcohol wholesaling also advanced. In contrast, prices for residential real estate loans (partial) fell 2.6%. The indexes for automobiles and automobile parts retailing and for apparel wholesaling also declined.
Final demand goods: Prices for final demand goods rose 0.7% in September, the largest increase since moving up 1.0% in January. Over 80% of the September advance can be traced to the index for final demand energy, which climbed 3.4%. (Higher energy prices were likely the result of reduced refining capacity in the Gulf Coast area due to Hurricane Harvey.) Prices for final demand goods less foods and energy moved up 0.3%. The index for final demand foods was unchanged.
Product detail: Two-thirds of the September increase in the final demand goods index can be attributed to prices for gasoline, which jumped 10.9%. The indexes for jet fuel, motor vehicles, diesel fuel, fresh and dry vegetables, and chicken eggs also moved higher. Conversely, prices for young chickens fell 4.7%. The indexes for electric power and integrated microcircuits also declined. 
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The not-seasonally adjusted price indexes we track were mixed on a MoM basis, but virtually all rose on a YoY bases. 
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The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Friday, October 6, 2017

September 2017 Employment Report

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According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) establishment survey, non-farm payroll employment declined by 33,000 jobs in September -- well below expectations of +95,000. In addition, combined July and August employment gains were revised down by 38,000 (July: -51,000; August: +13,000). Meanwhile, the unemployment rate (based upon the BLS’s household survey) dropped to 4.2% as growth in the number of persons employed (+906,000) greatly exceeded expansion of the labor force (+575,000). 
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Observations from the employment reports include:
* The establishment (-33,000) and household (+906,000) surveys were extremely out of sync in September. This has generally been attributed to the widespread impacts of hurricanes Harvey and Irma (Maria was not a factor in this report since the surveys exclude Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). It is worth noting that differences in definitions and methods likely compounded the disparity. In the establishment survey, employees who are not paid for the pay period that includes the 12th of the month are not counted as employed. In the household survey, persons with a job are counted as employed even if they miss work for the entire survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month), regardless of whether or not they are paid.
* We have often been critical of the BLS’s seeming to “plump” the headline numbers with favorable adjustment factors; that may have been the case in September. Imputed jobs from the CES (business birth/death model) adjustment were near the bottom of the range for the month of September (since 2000), but the BLS also applied a very modest seasonal adjustment to the base data. Had average adjustments been used, September’s job losses might have exceeded 100,000. Also, we become somewhat concerned about the accuracy of the headline number whenever the birth/death and/or seasonal adjustments are nearly the same magnitude as the initial value.
* As for industry details, Manufacturing shrank by 1,000 jobs. That result disagrees with the Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) manufacturing employment sub-index, which expanded in September at its fastest pace since June 2011. Wood Products employment lost 1,500 jobs (also countering ISM); Paper and Paper Products: -600 (also countering ISM). Construction employment advanced by 8,000 (agreeing with ISM). The vast majority of September’s private-sector job growth occurred in the Leisure & Hospitality sector (-111,000) -- especially bars and restaurants (-104,700). 
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* The number of employment-age persons not in the labor force (NILF) retreated by 368,000 -- to 94.4 million. Meanwhile, the employment-population ratio (EPR) increased slightly, to 60.4%; thus, for every five people being added to the population, only three are employed. 
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* Given the number of people (re)entering the labor force, the labor force participation rate (LFPR) ticked up by 0.2 percentage point, to 63.1% -- comparable to levels seen in the late-1970s. Perhaps as a result of so many low-paid wait-staff jobs being lost, average hourly earnings of all private employees jumped by $0.12, to $26.55, resulting in a 2.9% year-over-year increase. For all production and nonsupervisory employees (pictured above), hourly wages rose by $0.09, to $22.23 (+2.5% YoY). Since the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours, average weekly earnings increased by $4.12, to $913.32 (+2.9% YoY). With the consumer price index running at an annual rate of 1.9% in August, workers are -- officially, at least -- holding steady in terms of purchasing power. 
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* Full-time jobs jumped by 935,000; there are now 4.8 million more full-time jobs than the pre-recession high; for perspective, however, the non-institutional, working-age civilian population has risen by nearly 22.4 million. Those employed part time for economic reasons (PTER) -- e.g., slack work or business conditions, or could find only part-time work -- fell by 133,000. Those holding multiple jobs inched up by 20,000. 
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For a “sanity check” of the employment numbers, we consult employment withholding taxes published by the U.S. Treasury. Although “noisy” and highly seasonal, the data show the amount withheld in September fell for a fourth consecutive month, by $3.8 billion, to $186.6 billion (-2.0% MoM, but +4.5% YoY). To reduce some of the volatility and determine broader trends, we average the most recent three months of data and estimate a percentage change from the same months in the previous year. The average of the three months ending September was 4.3% above the year-earlier average -- well off the peak of +13.8% set back in September 2013.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Thursday, October 5, 2017

August 2017 Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and New & Unfilled Orders

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the value of manufactured-goods shipments increased $2.2 billion or 0.5% to $475.9 billion in August. Durable goods shipments increased $1.3 billion or 0.5% to $237.8 billion led by machinery. Meanwhile, nondurable goods shipments increased $0.9 billion or 0.4% to $238.2 billion, led by petroleum and coal products. Shipments of wood products rose by 0.9%; paper: +1.7%. 
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Inventories increased $2.9 billion or 0.4% to $655.6 billion. The inventories-to-shipments ratio was 1.38, unchanged from July. Inventories of durable goods increased $1.5 billion or 0.4% to $400.8 billion, led by machinery. Nondurable goods inventories increased $1.4 billion or 0.6% to $254.8 billion, led by petroleum and coal products. Inventories of wood products were unchanged; paper: -0.2%. 
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New orders increased $5.4 billion or 1.2% to $471.7 billion. Excluding transportation, new orders rose (+0.4% MoM; +6.3% YoY). Durable goods orders increased $4.5 billion or 2.0% to $233.5 billion, led by transportation equipment. New orders for non-defense capital goods excluding aircraft -- a proxy for business investment spending -- jumped by 1.1% (+4.0% YoY), the sixth consecutive month of expansion. New orders for nondurable goods increased $0.9 billion or 0.4% to $238.2 billion.
As can be seen in the graph above, real (inflation-adjusted) new orders were essentially flat between early 2012 and mid-2014, recouping on average 70% of the losses incurred since the beginning of the Great Recession. Even with June 2017’s transportation-led jump, the recovery in real new orders is back to just 50.3% of the ground given up in the Great Recession. 
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Unfilled durable-goods orders increased $0.2 billion or virtually unchanged to $1,132.6 billion, led by fabricated metal products. The unfilled orders-to-shipments ratio was 6.77, unchanged from July. Real unfilled orders, which had been a good litmus test for sector growth, show a much different picture; in real terms, unfilled orders in June 2014 were back to 97% of their December 2008 peak. Real unfilled orders then jumped to 102% of the prior peak in July 2014, thanks to the largest-ever batch of aircraft orders. Since then, however, real unfilled orders have gradually declined; not only are they back below the December 2008 peak, but they are also generally diverging from the January 2010-to-June 2014 trend-growth line.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Wednesday, October 4, 2017

September 2017 Monthly Average Crude Oil Price

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The monthly average U.S.-dollar price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil edged higher for a third consecutive month in September, increasing by $1.78 (+3.7%), to $49.82 per barrel. The advance coincided with a weaker U.S. dollar, the lagged impacts of a 474,000 barrel-per-day (BPD) drop in the amount of oil supplied/demanded during July (to 19.8 million BPD), and a stabilization of accumulated oil stocks (465 million barrels). 
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Several factors have sustained the summer uptick in prices, wrote ASPO-USA’s Peak Oil Review Editor Tom Whipple, including OPEC and the International Energy Administration releasing reports forecasting higher global consumption. The Kurd’s independence referendum which led to Turkey threatening to block Kurdish oil exports was another factor, as were the effects of the hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico.
“The oil markets are being affected by a continuous stream of news that is suggesting prices will be going higher or lower,” Whipple continued. “These factors range from changes in supply and demand, the economic situations in numerous countries, to geopolitical upheavals and hurricanes. Over the next few years, the fundamentals say that the lack of sufficient investment in finding and developing new oil fields will push prices higher – possibly much higher. Much of the discussion is over just when this price increase will take place with some saying that the recent price surge was too much to be justified by fundamentals. Others say demand from Asia will grow so fast that it will even outrun optimistic forecasts for US shale oil production.” 
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“Is $80 oil possible?” asked Oilprice.com Editor Tom Kool. “There is quite a bit of disagreement about what happens next with oil prices. One notable call comes from Jodie Gunzberg, head of commodity and real asset indices at S&P Dow Jones Indices, who told CNBC that $80 is possible. She argued that Hurricane Harvey ignited a bit of bullishness from the outages, which could propel oil prices up in the coming months. "When we look at the index data, we can see the price could move even as high as $80 to $85 (a barrel). Not immediately, but with their structural backwardation and shortages in the market, you just can't replenish it overnight,” she said. "It is now in a bull market, Brent is up about 30% since June and we also had WTI up 23%."
Meanwhile, refined product exports are rebounding as Gulf Coast refineries come back online after being shuttered in response to Harvey. That has eased the pressure on gasoline and diesel markets, pushing down margins that had spiked a few weeks ago.
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

September 2017 ISM and Markit Surveys

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The Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) monthly sentiment survey suggested that the expansion in U.S. manufacturing accelerated in September. The PMI registered 60.8% (the highest reading since May 2004), up 2.0 percentage points. (50% is the breakpoint between contraction and expansion.) ISM’s manufacturing survey represents under 10% of U.S. employment and about 20% of the overall economy. Only the producer-inventory and import sub-index values were lower in September than in August. 
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The pace of growth in the non-manufacturing sector -- which accounts for 80% of the economy and 90% of employment -- also accelerated (+4.5 percentage points) to 59.8% (the highest NMI reading since that index began being reported). The only sub-index of economic consequence with a noticeably lower value was inventories. 
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Of the industries we track, only Ag & Forestry contracted. Respondent comments included the following:
* Construction: "Overall, consistent growth in construction/office renovation jobs. Eight percent more jobs and 6 percent more revenue."
* Paper Products: "We are closely watching the Houston events as many of our production chemicals are produced in the Gulf region. Some tightening of supply and/or price increases expected."
* Wood Products: "Lumber prices starting to drop, and log prices starting to increase. Not the best combination."
Relevant commodities --
* Priced higher: Corrugate and corrugated boxes; paper; lumber and plywood; fuel (diesel, and gasoline); natural gas; labor (general and construction); caustic soda.
* Priced lower: None.
* Prices mixed: None.
* In short supply: Diesel; labor (general, construction and temporary).

ISM’s and IHS Markit’s September surveys were directionally consistent. Key findings from Markit’s surveys include the following:
Manufacturing --
* Production rises modestly but new order growth softens
* Employment expands at quickest rate for nine months
* Input prices increase at fastest pace since December 2012
Services --
* Robust expansion in business activity
* Upturn in new business remains steep despite easing since August
* Inflationary pressures intensify

Commenting on the data, Chris Williamson, Markit’s chief business economist said:
Manufacturing -- “While the headline PMI remained resiliently elevated in September, despite disruption from hurricanes Harvey and Irma, the details of the survey are more worrying. Output growth was unchanged on August’s 14-month low, and translates into stagnation at best in terms of the official manufacturing output data. Firms’ expectations of future output growth also slipped to a four-month low.
“There was better news on the hiring front, with job creation perking up to a nine-month high. However, with employment rising faster than output, productivity may be slipping.
“Although the hurricanes appear to have made little overall impact on production, supply delays were widely reported and prices for many inputs rose, suggesting some near-term upward pressure on inflation.”

Services -- “Given the disruption caused by recent hurricanes, some pull-back in business activity was understandable, so the resilient reading of the September services PMI makes for encouraging reading.
“Looked at alongside the manufacturing PMI, the survey data point to GDP rising at an annualized rate of just over 2% in the third quarter. Growth is largely reliant on the services economy, however, as manufacturing lags behind, struggling in part due to the strong dollar.
“While rebuilding and a return to normal business conditions after the hurricanes will hopefully boost growth in the fourth quarter, it’s worrying to see business expectations about activity levels over the coming year drop in September. Measured across both manufacturing and services, future optimism is at its lowest since February, suggesting companies have become increasingly cautious about the outlook.
“However, while optimism has slipped, the ‘hard’ survey data on recent output, new orders and hiring trends remain solid. Combined with the further upturn in price pressures seen in September, the survey data will further fuel expectations that the Fed will be keen to hike interest rates again before the year is out. Average prices charged for goods and services rose at the fastest rate for three years in September, though it’s not yet clear how much of the rise reflected short-term hurricane effects.”
The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.

Monday, October 2, 2017

September 2017 Currency Exchange Rates

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In September the monthly average value of the U.S. dollar (USD) depreciated against two of the three major currencies we track: Canada’s “loonie” (-2.6%) and euro (-0.8%); the USD appreciated against the yen (+0.9%), however. On a trade-weighted index basis, the USD weakened by 1.0% against a basket of 26 currencies. 
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The foregoing comments represent the general economic views and analysis of Delphi Advisors, and are provided solely for the purpose of information, instruction and discourse. They do not constitute a solicitation or recommendation regarding any investment.